Cholesterol
is a lipid (fat) which is produced by the liver. Cholesterol is vital for
normal body function. Every cell in our body has cholesterol in its outer
layer.
Cholesterol is a waxy steroid and is
transported in the blood plasma of all animals. It is the main sterol
synthesized by animals - small amounts are also synthesized in plants and
fungi. A sterol is a steroid sub-group.
The word
"cholesterol" comes from the Greek word chole, meaning "bile", and the Greek word stereos, meaning "solid, stiff".
What are the functions of cholesterol?
Below is a list of the
important functions of cholesterol:
- It builds and maintains cell
membranes.3
- It is essential for determining
which molecules can pass into the cell and which cannot (cell membrane
permeability).
- It is involved in the
production of sex hormones (androgens and estrogens).3
- It is essential for the
production of hormones released by the adrenal glands
- It aids in the production of
bile.
- It is important for the
metabolism of fat soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K.
- It insulates nerve fibers.
How cholesterol is transported in the blood
Cholesterol is carried in the blood by
molecules called lipoproteins. A lipoprotein is any complex or compound
containing both lipid (fat) and protein. The three main types are:5
· LDL (low density lipoprotein) - people often refer to it as bad cholesterol. LDL carries cholesterol from the liver to
cells. If too much is carried (too much for the cells to use) there can be a
harmful buildup of LDL.
· HDL (high density lipoprotein) - people often refer to it as good cholesterol. Experts say HDL prevents arterial disease.
HDL does the opposite of LDL - HDL takes the cholesterol away from the cells
and back to the liver. In the liver it is either broken down or expelled from
the body as waste.
· Triglycerides - these are the chemical forms in which most fat exists in the
body, as well as in food. They are present in blood plasma. Triglycerides, in
association with cholesterol, form the plasma lipids (blood fat).Triglycerides
in plasma originate either from fats in our food, or are made in the body from
other energy sources, such as carbohydrates. Calories we consume but are
not used immediately by our tissues are converted into triglycerides and stored
in fat cells.
Dangers of high cholesterol levels
High cholesterol
levels can cause:
· Atherosclerosis - narrowing of the arteries.8
· Higher coronary heart disease risk - an abnormality of the arteries that supply
blood and oxygen to the heart.9
· Heart attack - occurs when the
supply of blood and oxygen to an area of heart muscle is blocked, usually by a
clot in a coronary artery. This causes your heart muscle to die.10
· Angina - chest pain or
discomfort that occurs when your heart muscle does not get enough blood.11
· Stroke and mini-stroke - occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery or vein,
interrupting the flow to an area of the brain. Can also occur when a blood
vessel breaks. Brain cells begin to die.12
· If both blood
cholesterol and triglyceride levels are high, the risk of developing coronary heart disease rises
significantly.
What causes high cholesterol ?
Lifestyle causes
§Sedentary lifestyle - Sitting/lying down for long hours, Lack of
exercise have significantly higher levels of LDL (bad cholesterol) and lower
levels of HDL (good cholesterol).
· Body-weight (Obesity) - people who are overweight/obese are much more
likely to have higher LDL levels and lower HDL levels, as they put extra load
on the heart.
· Nutrition (Diet) - High calorie diet especially diet rich in oils and fats
increase bad cholesterol & Triglycerides which are dangerous to blood
vessels of the heart.
· Smoking - this can have quite
a considerable effect on LDL levels.
· Alcohol - people who consume
too much alcohol regularly, generally have much higher levels of LDL and much
lower levels of HDL
· Stress : Stress also has quite considerable effect on LDL levels.
· Diabetes along with Cardiac problems is a common occurrence
· Genetic - Cardiac problems running in families
Tips for reducing cholesterol
·
Exercise : Increase your level
of physical activity. Do at least 45 minutes of brisk walking every day, which
will also reduce body weight.
·
Healthy diet -
Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Reduce fat and cholesterol in your diet. Fibrous foods are known to
reduce cholesterol & Triglyceride levels.
·
Stop smoking and reduce
alcohol consumption
·
Reduce Stress by
meditation or pranayama.
Herbal Ayurveda
Remedies:
Arjuna
(Terminalia arjuna) - Arjuna is the best cardiac
(Heart) tonic mentioned in Ayurveda). The active constituents namely triterpine
glycosides in Arjuna can dissolve the cholesterol that accumulates in the
coronary artery and reduce the possibility of heart attacks.
Bottle Gourd
- The
presence of flavonoids, sterols, cucurbitacin saponins etc. are helpful in
reducing cholesterol levels.
Guggulu
(Commiphora mukul) - It contains guggulsterones which have been proven to reduce the
levels of cholesterol & Triglycerides on regular use.
Triphala - The active constituents’
anthroquinones is very helpful in reducing the cholesterol levels in the body.
Sunthee - The major active
ingredients in ginger are terpenes and ginger oil which can help to reduce the
levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol in the body, reducing the risk of developing
heart disease.
Methi Seeds - Methi’s steroidal
saponins are reported to inhibit cholesterol absorption and synthesis.
Garlic - Besides lowering
cholesterol levels, garlic also strengthens the immune system; has
anti-inflammatory effects; reduces high blood pressure; alleviates gas and
bloating; and is a general digestive aid.